Permanent surveying markers as referred to in paragraph 1 of this article include wooden or steel signals and stone markers established at triangulation points , baseline points , traverse points , military control points , gravimetric points , astronomic points and leveling points of various orders and classes , as well as fixed markers used for topographic mapping , engineering surveying and deformation measurement , and installations at seabed geodetic points 第一款所稱永久性測量標(biāo)志,是指各等級的三角點(diǎn)、基線點(diǎn)、導(dǎo)線點(diǎn)、軍用控制點(diǎn)、重力點(diǎn)、天文點(diǎn)、水準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)的木質(zhì)覘標(biāo)、鋼質(zhì)覘標(biāo)和標(biāo)石標(biāo)志,以及用于地形測圖、工程測量和形變測量的固定標(biāo)志和海底大地點(diǎn)設(shè)施等。